BibTeX

@article{cousse-etal-2023-anvands-332468,
	title        = {Hur används de, dem och dom i nutida skriftspråk? En storskalig korpusundersökning av nyheter och sociala medier},
	abstract     = {This study ties in with a longstanding debate on the Swedish spelling variants de, dem and dom for personal pronouns (third person plural) and definite articles (plural). It charts the usage of de, dem and dom in five large corpora with news and social media texts over the past 25 years. The corpora contain more than 1.5 billion tokens, which rules out manual handling of the data. Instead,  this  study  makes  use  of  computational  methods  (including  an  AI  language  model)  to  automatically identify and classify relevant observations. Analysis of the news corpora shows a relatively stable usage of de, dem and dom over the past 25 years. The forms de and dem are predominantly used according to the norm: de for pronouns in subject position and as a definite article; dem for pronouns in object position. The colloquial form dom is hardly found in news texts.  Analysis  of  the  social  media  corpora  shows  more  variation  and  change.  The  colloquial  form dom is used in 5–25% of all instances instead of de  or  dem  and  has  decreased  after  an  initial rise. The forms de and dem are sometimes used in a non-standard way: de occurs in object position in 4–10% of the observations; dem is found in subject position or as a definite article in 1–7% of the cases. Non-standard dem is potentially on the rise with younger writers. The corpus analysis also provides details on the usage of de and dem in relative clauses, and on the users’ ratings of posts containing de, dem and dom on the social media platform Reddit},
	journal      = {Språk & Stil},
	author       = {Coussé, Evie and Adesam, Yvonne and Rekathati, Faton and Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs},
	year         = {2023},
	volume       = {NF 33},
	pages        = {39--70},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-berdicevskis-2021-part-304973,
	title        = {Part-of-speech tagging of Swedish texts in the neural era},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics, NoDaLiDa, May 31–2 June, 2021, Reykjavik, Iceland (online) / eds Simon Dobnik and Lilja Øvrelid},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs},
	year         = {2021},
	publisher    = { Linköping University Electronic Press},
	address      = {Linköping},
	ISBN         = { 978-91-7929-614-8},
	pages        = {200--209},
}

@inProceedings{berdicevskis-etal-2023-superlim-331445,
	title        = {Superlim: A Swedish Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmark},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, December 6-10, 2023, Singapore  / Houda Bouamor, Juan Pino, Kalika Bali (Editors)},
	author       = {Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs and Bouma, Gerlof and Kurtz, Robin and Morger, Felix and Öhman, Joey and Adesam, Yvonne and Borin, Lars and Dannélls, Dana and Forsberg, Markus and Isbister, Tim and Lindahl, Anna and Malmsten, Martin and Rekathati, Faton and Sahlgren, Magnus and Volodina, Elena and Börjeson, Love and Hengchen, Simon and Tahmasebi, Nina},
	year         = {2023},
	publisher    = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	address      = {Stroudsburg, PA},
	ISBN         = {979-8-89176-060-8},
	pages        = {8137--8153},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2024-sprakforandring-337166,
	title        = {Språkförändring på bar gärning. En mikrodiakron korpusstudie av pågående förändringar i stavning, lexikon och grammatik},
	booktitle    = {Svenskans beskrivning 38: Förhandlingar vid trettioåttonde sammankomsten. Örebro 4–6 maj 2022, Del I},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs and Coussé, Evie},
	year         = {2024},
	publisher    = {Örebro universitet},
	address      = {Örebro},
	ISBN         = {978-91-87789-89-2},
	pages        = {234--251},
}

@incollection{berdicevskis-etal-2022-actually-320416,
	title        = {We may actually all die tomorrow... nevertheless: Predicting short-term frequency changes in Swedish
neologisms},
	abstract     = {Predicting the future is difficult, as Lars Borin likes to point out by saying the phrase which is included in the title of this paper. Nevertheless, we attempt to predict short-term changes in the frequency of new Swedish words based on some measures of their linguistic and social dissemination. We show that it is possible to predict the direction of change with a higher-than-baseline accuracy. Most  interestingly, we show that predictions are much less accurate for those words that denote new phenomena than for those who are new signifiers for already existing phenomena.},
	booktitle    = {Live and learn: Festschrift in honor of Lars Borin / Editors: Elena Volodina, Dana Dannélls, Aleksandrs Berdicevskis, Markus Forsberg, Shafqat Virk},
	author       = {Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs and Adesam, Yvonne and Coussé, Evie},
	year         = {2022},
	publisher    = {Institutionen för svenska, flerspråkighet och språkteknologi, Göteborgs universitet},
	address      = {Göteborg},
	ISBN         = {978-91-87850-83-7},
	pages        = {5--12},
}

@article{berdicevskis-etal-2024-drop-326112,
	title        = {To drop or not to drop? Predicting the omission of the infinitival marker in a Swedish future construction},
	abstract     = {We investigate the optional omission of the infinitival marker in a Swedish future tense construction. During the last two decades the frequency of omission has been rapidly increasing, and this process has received considerable attention in the literature. We test whether the knowledge which has been accumulated can yield accurate predictions of language variation and change. We extracted all occurrences of the construction from a very large collection of corpora. The dataset was automatically annotated with language-internal predictors which have previously been shown or hypothesized to affect the variation. We trained several models in order to make two kinds of predictions: whether the marker will be omitted in a specific utterance and how large the proportion of omissions will be for a given time period. For most of the approaches we tried, we were not able to achieve a better-than-baseline performance. The only exception was predicting the proportion of omissions using autoregressive integrated moving average models for one-step-ahead forecast, and in this case time was the only predictor that mattered. Our data suggest that most of the language-internal predictors do have some effect on the variation, but the effect is not strong enough to yield reliable predictions.},
	journal      = {Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory},
	author       = {Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs and Coussé, Evie and Koplenig, Alexander and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2024},
	volume       = {20},
	number       = {1},
	pages        = {219–261},
}

@misc{cousse-etal-2023-inget-324690,
	title        = {Inget stöd i forskningen för att de/dem slås ut},
	author       = {Coussé, Evie and Adesam, Yvonne and Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs},
	year         = {2023},
	number       = {2023-03-20},
}

@inProceedings{johansson-etal-2016-multi-233140,
	title        = {A Multi-domain Corpus of Swedish Word Sense Annotation},
	abstract     = {We describe the word sense annotation layer in Eukalyptus, a freely available five-domain corpus of contemporary Swedish with several annotation layers. The annotation uses the SALDO lexicon to define the sense inventory, and allows word sense annotation of compound segments and multiword units. We give an overview of the new annotation tool developed for this project, and finally present an analysis of the inter-annotator agreement between two annotators.
},
	booktitle    = {10th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, 23-28 May 2016, Portorož (Slovenia)},
	author       = {Johansson, Richard and Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Hedberg, Karin},
	year         = {2016},
	publisher    = {European Language Resources Association},
	ISBN         = {978-2-9517408-9-1},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2018-exploring-273835,
	title        = {Exploring the Quality of the Digital Historical Newspaper Archive KubHist},
	booktitle    = {Seventh Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC), Stockholm, 7-9 November 2018},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Dannélls, Dana and Tahmasebi, Nina},
	year         = {2018},
}

@incollection{bouma-adesam-2022-counting-321810,
	title        = {Counting dirty words: The effect of OCR quality on token statistics in historical Swedish corpora},
	booktitle    = {Live and learn: Festschrift in honor of Lars Borin / Editors: Elena Volodina, Dana Dannélls, Aleksandrs Berdicevskis, Markus Forsberg, Shafqat Virk},
	author       = {Bouma, Gerlof and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2022},
	publisher    = {University of Gothenburg},
	address      = {Gothenburg},
	ISBN         = {978-91-87850-83-7},
	pages        = {17--24},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2019-exploring-279948,
	title        = {Exploring the Quality of the Digital Historical Newspaper Archive KubHist},
	abstract     = {The KubHist Corpus is a massive corpus of Swedish historical newspapers, digitized by the Royal Swedish library, and available through the Språkbanken corpus infrastructure Korp. This paper contains a first overview of the KubHist corpus, exploring some of the difficulties with the data, such as OCR errors and spelling variation, and discussing possible paths for improving the quality and the searchability.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 4th Conference of The Association Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries (DHN), Copenhagen, Denmark, March 5-8, 2019},
	editor       = {Costanza Navarretta and Manex Agirrezabal and Bente Maegaard},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Dannélls, Dana and Tahmasebi, Nina},
	year         = {2019},
	publisher    = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
	address      = {Aachen},
}

@incollection{adesam-etal-2021-lexical-310933,
	title        = {A lexical resource for computational historical linguistics},
	abstract     = {In this chapter we present the diachronic dimension of Swedish FrameNet++. We describe the historical lexical resources currently available for Swedish, linked to the Contemporary Swedish lexicon Saldo. We present a case study of how interlinking the dictionaries simultaneously allows us to study lexical change. We also present a method of linking text words to lexicon entries, facilitating interactive exploration of historical texts. Diachronical language resources present both a high-variation challenge from a wider language technology perspective, and an interesting object of linguistic study. While a number of improvements of the parts of the diachronic lexical macroresource are still needed, this resource is invaluable for analysing and accessing historical texts, as well as for both synchronic historical and diachronic lexical studies.},
	booktitle    = {The Swedish FrameNet++. Harmonization, integration, method development and practical language technology applications},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Andersson, Peter and Borin, Lars and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2021},
	publisher    = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	address      = {Amsterdam / Philadelphia},
	ISBN         = {978 90 272 5848 9},
	pages        = {98–121},
}

@inProceedings{hansson-etal-2021-swedish-305126,
	title        = {The Swedish Winogender Dataset},
	abstract     = {We introduce the SweWinogender test set, a diagnostic dataset to measure gender bias in coreference resolution. It is modelled after the English Winogender benchmark, and is released with reference statistics on the distribution of men and women between occupations and the association between gender and occupation in modern corpus material. The paper discusses the design and creation of the dataset, and presents a small investigation of the supplementary statistics.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa), May 31 - June 2, 2021, Reykjavik, Iceland (online)},
	author       = {Hansson, Saga and Mavromatakis, Konstantinos and Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Dannélls, Dana},
	year         = {2021},
	publisher    = {Linköping University Electronic Press },
	address      = {Linköping },
	ISBN         = {978-91-7929-614-8},
}

@techreport{adesam-etal-2020-swedishglue-299130,
	title        = {SwedishGLUE – Towards a Swedish Test Set for Evaluating Natural Language Understanding Models},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Berdicevskis, Aleksandrs and Morger, Felix},
	year         = {2020},
	publisher    = {University of Gothenburg},
}

@inProceedings{johansson-adesam-2020-training-293365,
	title        = {Training a Swedish Constituency Parser on Six Incompatible Treebanks},
	abstract     = {We  investigate  a  transition-based  parser  that  usesEukalyptus,  a  function-tagged  constituent  treebank  for  Swedish  which  includesdiscontinuous  constituents.   In  addition,  we  show  that  the  accuracy  of  this  parser  can  be  improved  by  using  a  multitask  learning architecture that makes it possible to train the parser on additional treebanks that use other annotation models.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020)},
	author       = {Johansson, Richard and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2020},
	publisher    = {European Language Resources Association (ELRA)},
}

@article{adesam-bouma-2019-koala-288026,
	title        = {The Koala Part-of-Speech Tagset},
	abstract     = {We present the Koala part-of-speech tagset for written Swedish. The categorization takes the Swedish Academy Grammar (SAG) as its main starting point, to fit with the current descriptive view on Swedish grammar. We argue that neither SAG, as is, nor any of the existing part-of-speech tagsets meet our requirements for a broadly applicable categorization. Our proposal is outlined and compared to the other descriptions, and motivations for both the tagset as a whole as well as decisions about individual tags are discussed.},
	journal      = {Northern European Journal of Language Technology},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2019},
	volume       = {6},
	pages        = {5--41},
}

@techreport{ljunglof-etal-2019-assessing-281222,
	title        = {Assessing the quality of Språkbanken’s annotations},
	abstract     = {Most of the corpora in Språkbanken Text consist of unannotated plain text, such as almost all newspaper texts, social media texts, novels and official documents. We also have some corpora that are manually annotated in different ways, such as Talbanken (annotated for part-of-speech and syntactic structure), and the Stockholm Umeå Corpus (annotated for part-of-speech). Språkbanken’s annotation pipeline Sparv aims to automatise the work of automatically annotating all our corpora, while still keeping the manual annotations intact. When all corpora are annotated, they can be made available, e.g., in the corpus searh tools Korp and Strix. Until now there has not been any comprehensive overview of the annotation tools and models that Sparv has been using for the last eight years. Some of them have not been updated since the start, such as the part-of-speech tagger Hunpos and the dependency parser MaltParser. There are also annotation tools that we still have not included, such as a constituency-based parser.
Therefore Språkbanken initiated a project with the aim of conducting such an overview. This document is the outcome of that project, and it contains descriptions of the types of manual and automatic annotations that we currently have in Språkbanken, as well as an incomplete overview of the state-of-the-art with regards to annotation tools and models. },
	author       = {Ljunglöf, Peter and Zechner, Niklas and Nieto Piña, Luis and Adesam, Yvonne and Borin, Lars},
	year         = {2019},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2018-eukalyptus-273839,
	title        = {The Eukalyptus Treebank of Written Swedish},
	booktitle    = {Seventh Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC), Stockholm, 7–9 November 2018},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Johansson, Richard and Borin, Lars and Forsberg, Markus},
	year         = {2018},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2018-koala-273841,
	title        = {The Koala Part-of-Speech and Morphological Tagset for Swedish},
	booktitle    = {Seventh Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC), Stockholm, 7-9 November, 2018},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Johansson, Richard},
	year         = {2018},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2018-fsvreader-267311,
	title        = {FSvReader – Exploring Old Swedish Cultural Heritage Texts},
	abstract     = {This paper describes FSvReader, a tool for easier access to Old Swedish (13th–16th century) texts. Through automatic fuzzy linking of words in a text to a dictionary describing the language of the time, the reader has direct access to dictionary pop-up definitions, in spite of the large amount of  morphological and spelling variation. The linked dictionary entries can also be used for simple searches in the text, highlighting possible further instances of the same entry. },
	booktitle    = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2084. Proceedings of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 3rd Conference Helsinki, Finland, March 7-9, 2018. Edited by Eetu, Mäkelä Mikko, Tolonen Jouni Tuominen},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2018},
	publisher    = {University of Helsinki, Faculty of Arts},
	address      = {Helsinki},
}

@misc{bouma-adesam-2017-proceedings-254435,
	title        = {Proceedings of the NoDaLiDa 2017 Workshop on Processing Historical Language},
	author       = {Bouma, Gerlof and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2017},
	publisher    = {Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings universitet},
	address      = {Linköping},
	ISBN         = {978-91-7685-503-4},
}

@inProceedings{bouma-adesam-2016-part-254389,
	title        = {Part-of-speech and Morphology Tagging Old Swedish},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Sixth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC) Umeå University, 17-18 November, 2016},
	author       = {Bouma, Gerlof and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2016},
}

@inProceedings{cap-etal-2016-sword-254388,
	title        = {SWORD: Towards Cutting-Edge Swedish Word Processing},
	abstract     = {Despite many years of research on Swedish language technology, there is still no well-documented standard for Swedish word processing covering the whole spectrum from low-level tokenization to morphological analysis and disambiguation. SWORD is a new initiative within the SWE-CLARIN consortium aiming to develop documented standards for Swedish word processing. In this paper, we report on a pilot study of Swedish tokenization, where we compare the output of six different tokenizers on four different text types.  For one text type (Wikipedia articles), we also compare to the tokenization produced by six manual annotators.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Sixth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC) Umeå University, 17-18 November, 2016},
	author       = {Cap, Fabienne and Adesam, Yvonne and Ahrenberg, Lars and Borin, Lars and Bouma, Gerlof and Forsberg, Markus and Kann, Viggo and Östling, Robert and Smith, Aaron and Wirén, Mats and Nivre, Joakim},
	year         = {2016},
}

@inProceedings{bouma-adesam-2016-multiword-251825,
	title        = {Multiword Annotation in the Eukalyptus Treebank of Written Swedish},
	booktitle    = {PARSEME, 6th general meeting, 7-8 April 2016, Struga, FYR Macedonia },
	author       = {Bouma, Gerlof and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2016},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-bouma-2016-swedish-251827,
	title        = {Old Swedish Part-of-Speech Tagging between Variation and External Knowledge},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 10th SIGHUM Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities, Berlin, Germany, August 11, 2016},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2016},
	publisher    = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
	address      = {Stroudsburg, PA },
	ISBN         = {978-1-945626-09-8},
}

@article{adesam-etal-2016-sprakteknologi-237884,
	title        = {Språkteknologi för svenska språket genom tiderna},
	abstract     = {Språkbanken, the Swedish Language Bank, is a language technology research unit at the Department of Swedish, University of Gothenburg. We develop language resources – such as corpora, lexical resources, and analytical tools – for all variants of Swedish, from Old Swedish laws to present-day social media. Historical texts offer exciting theoretical and methodological challenges for language technology because they often defy the assumption inherent in most automatic analysis tools that the texts contain a standardized written language. In this article, we describe our ongoing work on the development of annotated historical corpora, as well as our efforts on linking various resources (both corpora and lexical resources).
This research advances the state of the art of language technology as well as enables new research for scholars in other disciplines.},
	journal      = {Kungliga Skytteanska Samfundets Handlingar},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Andersson, Peter and Borin, Lars and Bouma, Gerlof and Forsberg, Markus},
	year         = {2016},
	volume       = {76},
	number       = {Studier i svensk språkhistoria 13},
	pages        = {65--87},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2015-multiwords-228833,
	title        = {Multiwords, Word Senses and Multiword Senses in the Eukalyptus Treebank of Written Swedish},
	abstract     = {Multiwords reside at the intersection of the lexicon and syntax and in an annotation project, they will affect both levels.  In the Eukalyptus treebank of written Swedish, we treat multiwords formally as syntactic objects, which are assigned a lexical type and sense. With the help of a simple dichotomy, analyzed vs unanalyzed multiwords, and the expressiveness of the syntactic annotation formalism employed, we are able to flexibly handle most multiword types and usages.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT14), 11–12 December 2015 Warsaw, Poland},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Johansson, Richard},
	year         = {2015},
	ISBN         = {978-83-63159-18-4},
	pages        = {3--12},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2015-defining-217815,
	title        = {Defining the Eukalyptus forest – the Koala treebank of Swedish},
	abstract     = {This paper details the design of the lexical and syntactic layers of a new annotated corpus of Swedish contemporary texts. In order to make the corpus adaptable into a variety of representations, the annotation is of a hybrid type with head-marked constituents and function-labeled edges, and with a rich annotation of non-local dependencies. The source material has been taken from public sources, to allow the resulting corpus to be made freely available.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 20th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics, NODALIDA 2015, May 11-13, 2015, Vilnius, Lithuania. Edited by Beáta Megyesi},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Bouma, Gerlof and Johansson, Richard},
	year         = {2015},
	ISBN         = {978-91-7519-098-3},
	pages        = {1--9},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2014-koala-211376,
	title        = {Koala – Korp’s Linguistic Annotations Developing an infrastructure for text-based research with high-quality annotations},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fifth Swedish Language Technology Conference, Uppsala, 13-14 November 2014},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Borin, Lars and Bouma, Gerlof and Forsberg, Markus and Johansson, Richard},
	year         = {2014},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2014-computer-198794,
	title        = {Computer-aided Morphology Expansion for Old Swedish},
	abstract     = {In this paper we describe and evaluate a tool for paradigm induction and lexicon extraction that has been applied to Old Swedish. The tool is semi-supervised and uses a small seed lexicon and unannotated corpora to derive full inflection tables for input lemmata. In the work presented here, the tool has been modified to deal with the rich spelling variation found in Old Swedish texts. We also present some initial experiments, which are the first steps towards creating a large-scale morphology for Old Swedish.},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14) May 26-31, 2014 Reykjavik, Iceland  },
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Andersson, Peter and Bouma, Gerlof and Forsberg, Markus and Hulden, Mans},
	year         = {2014},
	ISBN         = { 978-2-9517408-8-4},
	pages        = {1102--1105},
}

@inProceedings{bouma-adesam-2013-experiments-177631,
	title        = {Experiments on sentence segmentation in Old Swedish editions},
	booktitle    = {NEALT Proceedings Series },
	author       = {Bouma, Gerlof and Adesam, Yvonne},
	year         = {2013},
	volume       = {18},
	ISBN         = {978-91-7519-587-2},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2012-processing-166657,
	title        = {Processing spelling variation in historical text},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the Fourth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC)},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2012},
}

@inProceedings{adesam-etal-2012-bokstaffua-163218,
	title        = {bokstaffua, bokstaffwa, bokstafwa, bokstaua, bokstawa... Towards lexical link-up for a corpus of Old Swedish},
	booktitle    = {Proceedings of the LTHist workshop at Konvens},
	author       = {Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Bouma, Gerlof},
	year         = {2012},
}